Tropical Journal of Pharmaceutical Research

Original Research Article | OPEN ACCESS

Mode of action and synergy of ceftazidime and baicalein against Streptococcus pyogenes

Supatcharee Siriwong¹, Thippawan Pimchan², Wanatkamon Naknarong¹, Griangsak Eumkeb¹

¹School of Pharmacology; ²School of Biology, Institute of Science, Suranaree University of Technology, 111 University Avenue, Suranaree Subdistrict, Muang District, Nakhonratchasima 30000, Thailand.

For correspondence:- Griangsak Eumkeb Email: griang@sut.ac.th Tel:+6644224260

Received: 12 January 2015 Accepted: 26 March 2015 Published: 26 April 2015

Citation: Siriwong S, Pimchan T, Naknarong W, Eumkeb G. Mode of action and synergy of ceftazidime and baicalein against Streptococcus pyogenes. Trop J Pharm Res 2015; 14(4):641-648 doi: 10.4314/tjpr.v14i4.12

© 2015 The authors.
This is an Open Access article that uses a funding model which does not charge readers or their institutions for access and distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0) and the Budapest Open Access Initiative (http://www.budapestopenaccessinitiative.org/read), which permit unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly credited..

Abstract

Purpose: To investigate the antibacterial activity of baicalein used alone, or in combination with ceftazidime, against Streptococcus pyogenes.

Methods: Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), checkerboard assay parameters, and viability curves were determined for S. pyogenes DMST 30653, 30654, and 30655. Cytoplasmic membrane (CM) permeability technique, enzyme assays, transmission electron microscopy and Fourier transform-infrared microspectroscopy were used to investigate the changes in the bacterial biomolecules.

Results: The MIC of ceftazidime and baicalein against all the S. pyogenes strains were 0.50 and > 256.0 µg/ml, respectively. A synergistic effect against these strains was exhibited by the ceftazidime/baicalein combination (fractional inhibitory concentration index, < 0.37). The results for the viable counts indicate that this synergistic activity was present. Baicalein exerted inhibitory activity against β-lactamase. Compared with the controls, combining baicalein with ceftazidime caused peptidoglycan and morphological damage, significantly increased CM permeability and protein concentrations, and decreased cellular fatty acid and nucleic acid concentrations.

Conclusion: Baicalein is a potential synergistic adjunct to ceftazidime for the treatment of S. pyogenes infections.

Keywords: Streptococcus pyogenes, Cytoplasmic membrane permeability, Baicalein, Ceftazidime, Synergistic activity, Fourier Transform-infrared microspectroscopy,